Jeju-Type Model to Improve Infra System of Human

Resources in the Era of International Free City :

Centered on the practical system to develope higher man power

for promoting the peace culture and the image of Jeju Island*

* This Work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant(KRF-2001-042-C00031).

국제자유도시 시대의 제주형 인적자원 인프라 구축 연구

- 고급인력 육성시스템을 중심으로 -

□지방정부연구□ 제7권 제3호(2003 가을) : 287∼303

□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□

Kim, Jin-ho(Dept. of Political Science, Cheju National Univ.)

Lee, Kyung-joo(Dept. of Accounting, Cheju National Univ.)

본 논문은 국제자유도시시대의 제주지역이 경쟁력을 갖춘 혁신체제를 이루기 위해서는 고급인력을 양성시킬 수 있는 교육차원의 세계화가 시급하다는 차원에서 그 문제해결방향을 찾고자 한 시론적 연구이다. 그 동안 국제자유도시문제는 지역개발과 관광 그리고 행정개혁의 관점에서 논의되어 왔다. 그 과정에서 지역주민의 의견이나 요청, 심지어는 지방정부의 정책요구도 상대적으로 소홀히 취급되어져 왔다. 이 과정에서 많은 부정적 영향은 지역사회에 그대로 투영되고 그 피해 역시 지역주민들이 감수할 수밖에 없었다. 이러한 시각에서 본 논문은 외국 국제교육기관의 경험과 운영을 고찰하여 이를 제주지역에 적용시키고자 하였다. 또한 지역적 교류차원에서 각 교육기관과의 협력적인 문제해결기제를 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 제주지역의 역사적□지정학적 특성에 기반을 두면서 인류의 보편적 가치를 추구하는 제주형 평화교육기관의 육성과 인재양성을 위한 정책적 제안을 제시하였다.

주제어 : 세계화, 국제자유도시, 인적 인프라, 평화의 섬, 신교육시스템

Ⅰ. Introduction

Korean national government started to build up Jeju International Free City(below mentioned JIFC) April of 2012 to rival Hong Kong and Singapore. According to it, the island will be "an eco-friendly, visa-free international city tempting tourists with the sighting and recreation and business people with lucrative high-tech, logistics and finance opportunities by 2010." In most of South Korea, every child studies English in school, but few gain fluency without considerable advanced training. But in Jeju English will be treated almost as a second official language, and all government documents in Jeju will be published in both English and Korea(The New York Times, Nov. 24, 2001).

Comparatively, the nature of Jeju Island is better and it is ideally located to easy access by tourists, for example, with two hours flying time of Tokyo, Osaka, Beijing and Shanghai. Banks and corporations would be offered tax breaks to relocate to Jeju: overseas universities would be allowed to set up the campuses on the island: a science and technology park, duty free shopping malls and 20 golf courses are planned(The London Economics, Jan. 28, 2002).

Jeju-Type Model to Improve Infra System of Human Resources in the Era of International Free City

□지방정부연구□ 제7권 제3호(2003 가을)

Korean central government has pledged Won 3,400 bn of public funds to upgrade Jeju's weak infra structure. The island airport is to be expanded, its port developed, the road network extended and more housing and hotels built. Even though politicians talked about for years about rosy plan of JIFC as highly potential as an international destination, we including most of islanders are skeptical about the island's chances of being success: one is that they accept the scheme as unrealistic and unprepared. The other points is that the private sector can't be ready for investment to Jeju island as much as higher expectations of government. Furthermore, some of 560,000 islanders complained Korean national government forced to impose on this scheme without enough consultation with them. They also worried the island's clean environment and cozy tranquility is threatened more and more as it started(Ibid.).

Just now as it passed one year to start JIFC plan, most of young islanders are concerned on now how to prepare something for the times of JIFC but also how develop the higher man power for it. Especially, in view of creating the peaceful image of the island different from one of Hong Kong and Singapore, designating Jeju Island as Peace Island is more in line with the islands realities. In recognition of this, the Korean central government recently proclaimed in a □Special Law for Jeju Island Develop- ment□ that Jeju Island be groomed into a Peace Island.1)Undoubtedly, this designation is most appropriate because it reflects the long-standing expectations and desires of islanders, who, actively and passively, want to play an important role in the 21st Century.

) <The Conceptional Map for the Peace of island>

Sources: Kim Jin-ho et. als.(2000). The Establishment for Jeju-Type of Peace of Island and its Feasibility. Jeju: Jeju Development Institute.

How will it be possible for Jeju Islanders to be successful in preparing a peaceful role by, among other things, creating the peaceful social images at the same time that the island is gearing up to be an international free zone, not to mention maintain and protect the islands fantastic natural resources? Definitely, it will be difficult, but we must endeavor to try.

In an attempt to develop the higher man power taking tasks for a role as Peace Island in an age of JIFC, this articles will suggest one practical idea of running so called Peace Island University upon concept of peace island in an effort to activate Jeju-type Model to Improve Infra System of Human Resources in the times of JIFC after some reviews on Dubai Higher education system and Trancend Peace University by Johan Galtung. In a word, we will strive to invite the new kind of education system and, hopefully, revitalize our education system for improving the peace educational infra for promoting the peace searching traditions, peace culture, and peaceful role for human rights and peace in East Asian region.

In order to do that, first of all, this articles will present a theoretical background which deals with creating the desirable image of Peace Island in an age of JIFC. We will touch on the topic not only of what kinds of works contribute to improving peace activities for role of the Peace Island but also of how to build up the educational infra to develop some kinds of total capability of man power system effectively. This objective is to be reached when both islanders and outsiders commonly accepted and recognized its commitments to do through the educational program. Second, in order to create the collaborative educational program of curriculum or syllabus of peace or cultural education for young generation, we will explore and suggest the alternative based on the contents of existing and current achievements which have been accumulated and/or suggested by Jeju islanders in the everyday life situation. In doing so, it will be possible for us to invite new educational system for improving capabilities of higher man power for the pertinent peaceful culture and traditions of Jeju Island. Third, tentatively, we propose some kinds of educational curricula to advance peace culture and human rights movement of Jeju islanders relating to fact finding achievements of Jeju 4□3 Accidents and massacre, cultural identity of Jeju islanders especially on lives and culture of Jeju women divers. Those kinds of programs can pave the way for developing and upgrading the human resources for peaceful role for between two Koreas and among islands over the world. It is a fundamental process since societal members depend upon rational, albeit sometimes irrational, efforts to achieve successful existence by doing their best to adapt to their social setting through the new educational system.

Ⅱ. System to develop higher manpower for improving the peace culture and image of Jeju Island

As we assume there will be increasing interactions and exchanges of ideas more and more among islanders, Koreaners and foreigners in Jeju Island in the times of globalization, it is important to interpret and share with common experiences at every  situations of face to face encounters. Especially in order to create and upgrade peace images with activities culture in every aspects of life, we need to understand some kinds of common meanings, implications and contexts of those activities through the interactions and exchanges of ideas upon the theoretical paradigm which can combine each other into building up the peace images of Jeju Island at the everyday life situations. Therefore interpretation approach makes us to interpret, create and develop common meaningful experiences into peace images and cultures theoretically. For example, we can create and share with the peace images of Jeju Island through the peace conferences such as doing the international conferences titled 'Jeju Peace Forum' and 'Jeju 4□3 Seminar' and 'East Asian Peace Meeting' annually.

1. Human resources and four theoretical paradigms which explain some

aspects of social nature

According to Gibson Burrell and Gareth Morgan(1979), there are four different paradigms relating to assumptions about the nature of society. They refer to them as the functionalist paradigm, the interpretive paradigm, the radical humanist paradigm, the radical structural paradigm.

First, the functionalist paradigm generates regulative sociology in its most fully developed form. In its overall approach, it seeks to provide essentially the rational explanations of social affairs. It is a perspective which has a highly pragmatic orientation, because it is concerned with a methodology for understanding society in a way that generates knowledge which can be put to use. It is often problem-oriented in approach, that is, concerned with providing the practical solutions to practical problems. It is usually firmly committed to a philosophy of social engineering as a basis of social change and it emphasizes the importance of understanding order, equilibrium and stability in society and the way in which these can be maintained. It is concerned with the effective regulation and control of social affairs(Ibid., 26).

Second, the interpretative paradigm sees the social world as an emergent social process which is created by the individuals concerned. Social reality, insofar as it is recognized to have any existence outside the consciousness of any single individual, is regarded as being little more than a network of assumptions and inter-subjectively shared meanings. The ontological status of the social world is viewed as extremely questionable and problematic as far as theorists located within the interpretive paradigm are concerned. Everyday life is accorded the status of a miraculous achievement. Interpretative philosophers seek to understand the very basis and source of social reality. They often delve into the depths of human consciousness and subjectivity in their quest for the fundamental meanings which underlie life(Ibid., 28-31).

Third, the radical humanist paradigm is committed to a view of society which emphasizes the importance of overthrowing or transcending the limitations of existing the social arrangements. One of the most basic notions underlying the whole paradigm is that the consciousness of man is dominated by the ideological superstructures with which he interacts and that these drive a cognitive wedge between himself and his true consciousness. This is the wedge of alienation or false consciousness, which inhibits or prevents the true human fulfillment. The major concern for theorists approaching the human predicament in these terms is with the release from the constraints which existing the social arrangements place upon the human development. It is a brand of theorizing designed to provide a critique of the status quo. It tends to view society as anti-human and it is concerned with the articulating ways in which human beings can transcend the spiritual bonds and fetters that tie them into existing patterns and, thus, realize their full potential(Ibid., 31).

Fourthly, whereas the radical humanists forge their perspective by focusing upon consciousness as the basis for a radical critique of society, the radical structuralists concentrate upon structural relationships within a realist social world. They emphasize the fact that radical change is built into the very nature and structure of contemporary society and they seek to provide explanations of the basic inter-relationships within the context of total social functions. There is a wide range of debate within the paradigm and different theorists stress the role of different social forces as a means of explaining social change. While some focus directly upon the deep-seated internal contradictions, others focus upon the structure and analysis of power relationships. Common to all theorists is the view that contemporary society is characterized by fundamental conflicts which generate radical change through political and economic crises. It is through such conflict and change that the emancipation of man from social structures in which they live is seen as coming about(Ibid., 34).

2. Mixed References for Inviting New Educational System Drawn

from the Paradigms of Social Nature for Jeju Island

The overview of the four paradigms helps to furnish some insight in an attempt to offer a framework for understanding the demonstration of social images in a given society or region, especially on future society of Jeju Island as an international hub. The effort for applying this analytical scheme to the field of social images is, of course, tentative. Nevertheless, the aforementioned theoretical constructs are needed because they will make it possible for us to establish a mixed reference for applying them in an interpretation of some aspects of social images specific to a particular region or society. In applying the functional or interpretive paradigms to offer the explanations regarding some aspects of social images of a certain society, whether we accept them or not, it is important and helpful in order to make positive assertions about the real world.

Although the functional paradigm has received the most attention among academicians as an useful framework for analyzing the societal images, it, nevertheless, seems to posit within its objectivity, a lack of concern for the status quo of the existing social order. Therefore, the functional paradigm appears to accept as givens, consensus and agreement of need satisfaction. Using Jeju Island as a case in point, the functional paradigm tacitly approves the image of the island being a fantasy island for tourists in that it provides a clean environment and relatively safe conditions which attract not only tourists but also affords an international summit meeting place for foreign dignitaries. It begs the question whether such representations approximate reality or fantasy as far as the best image of Jeju Island is concerned.

From the standpoint of the interpretative paradigm, it suggests a consistent concern for understanding the world as it is although it supposes a fundamental image for a specific region that is based on the level of the subjective experience. Generally speaking, adherents of this model seek explanations and interpretations based upon the individual experience, subjectivity and consciousness through an inter-subjective framework of the participant as opposed to the simple observer of a certain action. For that reason, it, too, suggests an agreement with the central value of the status quo as does the functional paradigm while they challenge the validity of the ontological assumptions and objective approaches. Applying the interpretative paradigm to the case of Jeju Island, it interprets and speaks of the essence of Jeju Island as based upon the shared experiences and traditions, for example, as the island of Three Many Things: wind, stone, and woman as well as the island characteristics as being its natural environment with the tradition of Three Nothings: No Beggar, No Thief, and No Gate. Certainly, Jeju Island is proud of these traditions but do they approximate the present reality?

) Jeju island was the epitome of the secluded and isolated kingdom. It was an island for exiles for several centuries, being separated from the mainland by high waves of the Northern Pacific, and deserted by the central government. Isolation, solitude, and hardship underscored life on the island. Survival, rather than hope and prosperity, was the mandate of Jeju islanders. Jeju island is now undergoing profound transformations. For Jeju islanders, globalization is tantamount to opening a Pandora's Box. Globalization and subsequently fierce international competition are endangering the economic life of Jeju islanders. Jeju province and its people have been working hard to cope with the new challenges of globalization. In this context, The Jeju International Free City is an initiative for survival and prosperity through anticipatory strategic positioning by Jeju islanders. It is predicated on the principles of the free flow of people, goods and services, and capital and technology. Mulitilateral trade arrangements such as the World Trade organization and a regional economic arrangement involving an East Asian Free Trade Area scheme will eventually make the Republic of Korea as a member of free trade area. In anticipating the trend, the Jeju Provincial Government has undertaken a preemptive move to fasten the pace of liberalization by declaring a free trade area, so that it can create new niches for survival and prosperity ahead of other administrative units in the mainland with extensive central government's support of infrastructural development. For this goals, it is necessary Jeju island make up the idea of 'peace of island' welcomed by everyone.

Main concern of this articles is thoughtabout what kinds of program we can invite into Jeju Island in order to improve total capabilities of man power for building up peace traditions and culture for role of Jeju Island as a new image creating as a peace island. So, after reviewing some social images of Jeju Island, it is better we can introduce some kinds of educational program to Jeju islanders.

3. Some Mixed Social Images of Jeju Island

For several centuries, it has been recognized that Jeju Island is known expressly by the dominant image of the Dol-har-u-bang(Stone Grandfather). Even though its image is based on the mixing images of a strong male with stone, it seems to this author that it has failed to depict nor stand for a clear, peaceful image. Therefore, it would be better to determine more appropriate images for the islands image. In particular, since it would be in line with the central governments proclamation pertaining to Jeju Island as Peace Island, it would be better to project an image of peace for the island. In that regard, perhaps the image depicted by the women divers, Haenyo(Hong Gui-Young, 1998, 61-70), which is original and softer than the image of Dol-har-u-bang, can serve as a peaceful image(Kim Dong-Yun, 2002, 24-33).

) Jeju island, which is located about 50miles off the southern tip of the Korean peninsular, has long been known for its unique sociocultural structure in which Jamnyos, through their role as primary family rice earners, have enjoyed usually high degrees of financial independence and personal autonomy. During the Chosun dynasty(1392-1910) and continuing through the present, Neo-Confucian ideology intermingled with the island's preexisting values and began inculcating Jeju women with Neo-Confucian ideals of 'virtuousness'. The Jamnyo's active agency in skillfully managing her life events and eventually transforming her own marginalized position into a central one by becoming virtuous.

) Dol-har-u-bang(Stone Grandfather) has been known as the protecting god and guardian of the Jeju islanders. Above all, he has no sword in comparison with Japan's Samurai. There is no intention of his killing and harming others. And Jeju islanders were praying for the well-being, prosperity, abundance through him.

Mythologically, the concept of peace is deeply rooted on Jeju Island. Indeed, the island was once referred to as the land of gods and goddesses who acted in equal capacity. In fact, Jeju Island deities were similar to those found in Rome and Greece. Furthermore, it is interesting that unlike their Roman and Greek counterparts, the island spirits lived equally and peacefully around Mt. Halla and the 367 parasitic volcanoes. Therefore, the attempts should be undertaken to recreate a peaceful image for Jeju Island that combines the enduring quality of the women divers with the mythological images of the island. Surely, such an image would be more appropriate. It would reflect the historic and cultural characteristics native to Jeju Island rather than succumbing to imports from outsiders.(Ko Chang Hoon and et. al., 2000).

Historically, the people of Jeju Island have lived in relative tranquillity, largely unscathed and un-influenced by outsiders while developing a culture and dialect somewhat unique when compared to mainland Korea. Living in this island paradise, when intruders came in the form of Mongols during the Kor-yo Dynasty, French in 1901, Japanese in 1932 and the Americans in 1948, disturbing the serene island surroundings, the local residents resisted. This suggests that the islanders preferred living their peaceful, pristine way of life.

Sociologically, the seeds of peace are evident in the peculiar customs that have evolved on the island. In particular, the notion of peace is inherent in the tradition referred to as the Three Nothings: No Beggar, No Thief, No Gate. The idea of no beggar has strong implications for peace because it hints that the indigenous economy was fostering an independent lifestyle where no person went without basic needs. Furthermore, a tradition of self-sustenance indicates an equality on the island not only between individuals but also between men and women. In this regard, it has been noted that the culture of Jeju Island developed a more matriarchal society when compared to that on mainland Korea. Indeed, it has been observed that women on the island are more independent-minded than their counterparts on the mainland. Many observers maintain that the influence of Haenyo has had a substantial influence on the culture of Jeju Island, pulling it into a more matriarchal, or certainly egalitarian direction when juxtaposed with those women on the mainland.

The second facet of the three nothings, no thief, complements the first notion. If a society has no thieves, that society is more peaceful. No one goes wanting, therefore, there is less likelihood of avaricious inclinations which foster taking from another. Because there is no compulsion to steal from another person, there is correspondingly no intrusion by one individual into the domain of another. Further, the tradition of no thief signals an attitude of non-aggression between individuals.

Finally, the third tradition of the three nothings, no gate, means freedom among and between all beings, human and animal. With this freedom comes egalitarianism. All things, whether human, animal or the environment are equal. Every living thing is bestowed equal status. Though there were some disparities, these were not sufficient to change the attitudes of peace and respect between people and their surroundings on the island.

Other mythological developments reinforced the notion of peace found in the legend of the three nothings. For example, the natural beauty of Jeju Island is encapsulated in the Three Splendors: Sea, Sun and Soul which epitomize the traditional, pastoral life of the agricultural and sea-going culture of Jeju Island. To be sure, harsh work required to work with the islands natural resources helped produce a patient and disciplined lifestyle where sacrifice and respect for nature became a given. The difficult reality of life on Jeju Island is best reflected in the symbol of the island as Sam-da, which means the three abundance: Wind, Stone and Women.

Not coincidentally, Jeju City made use of the images of these myths when they were applied to the International Brass Band and Ensemble Festival held in 1999. The catch phrase of the Festival, Resounding of Wind helped create an island musical wonder that mixed with the waves and the warmth of the island. It seems to this author that this kind of imagery, Resounding of Wind may pave the way for the image of the Peace Island.

In sum, it is clear that Jeju Island has many facets of a Peace Image mythologically, historically, sociologically, naturally and practically. But the Peace Image of the island is like a diamond in the rough, as yet hidden, waiting to emerge from an ordinary depiction for tourism to one that fully realizes the potentials and real treasures of Jeju Island especially through sharing with the educational teaching and commitment.

Ⅲ. In search of the Educational System to Recreate Social Image

of Jeju Island that Promotes a Peace Seeding Image

According to Jeju Island Masterplan and Feasibility Study by Jones Lang LaSalle(2000, 271), it recommend as that the development of the high technology industries and science will be heavily dependent upon an improvement in the quality of education establishments and the ability of the local population to embrace these industries. The quality of local teaching should be enhanced by enticing highly qualified teaching staff to Jeju by providing incentives, such as reduced taxes and subsidized housing.

This should be done in conjunction with efforts to enhance the reputation of local universities and colleges through association with leading the foreign universities and schools(Ibid., 197). Efforts should be focused on the educational sectors consistent with the development of an international city within the context of the immediate opportunities in the local economy. It is anticipated that this could be achieved in the fields of research and development, sports and medical science. The high level of language school should be established. The improvement in the reputation of the educational facilities and quality of the graduates will enable the introduction of a broader range of studies, leading to skills in new sectors.

Closer co-operation between educational facilities and private sector should be promoted and encouraged including the establishment of study sponsorships and post-study gua-ranteed placements within Jeju facilities for high achievers. Private sector should be enticed to remain in Jeju after completing their studies through the provision of incentives such as low-cost housing loans and reduced income tax for specified periods.□

Changing comparative advantages has redirected Jeju to explore old and new niches. For Jeju, the best natural comparative advantages still lies in tourism. Thus, the Jeju Provincial Government is paying the utmost attention to a systematic development of an old niche, the tourist industry. International education has emerged as another new frontier. Jeju could develop an international education complex ranging from pre schools to professional graduate schools. Safety, natural beauty, and geographic advantage could turn Jeju into an attractive educational site. In light of its opportunities and constraints, Jeju island has no choice. Nevertheless, it is not easy to achieve international competitiveness in these areas. There must be major realignments in Jeju's infrastructure, human capital formation, and collective minds.

In order to develop the Jeju-type model of higher international education system, basically it is meaningful we need to review three cases upon above recommendations and proposals: one is to illuminate how Dubai International Free Zone to invite international education system for developing into higher man power infra by itself. The other is that we can learn some kinds of ideas of peace promoting educational programs from Trancend Peace University which founded by Johan Galtung, a creator of peace studies. Third is to develop WAIS School of Cheju National University into regular school program. Let's think about and consider three cases in turn.

) In particular, the notion of peace is inherent in the tradition referred to as the Three Nothings: No Beggar, No Thief, No Gate. The idea of no beggar has strong implications for peace because it hints that the indigenous economy was fostering an independent lifestyle where no person went without basic needs. Secondly, more importantly, there will be no resurrection of the massacre such as, the national tragedies, 4□3 Accidents. Thirdly, for the establishment of the good well-being welfare community.

) As we already accept that education system develop peace images and culture through educational activities upon sharing with some common experiences from history, WAIS, Dubai Higher College and Peace Transcend Universities bring students peace messages and experiences upon interpretative perspective. WAIS program will give them an opportunity to ponder about meanings of Jeju massacre, contexts of identity of Jeju culture, and implications of common profit of foreign investment and so on. Dubai Higher College provide them how to get knowledges, skill and knowhows for running International Free Zone on its way. Peace Transcend University let students what kinds of solution to conflicts and wars of contemporary world sharing with some implications of historical cases about them. As a result, educational infra systems such as WAIS, Dubai Higher college, and Peace Transcend University are some kinds of means in a practical terms which will achieve ends peace images and cultures of those societies upon interpretative paradigm of peace images and cultures.

1. the Implication of Case of Dubai Higher Education System

) This parts was written based on the interview with Prof. Jonathan Wilde of Men's College at Dubai in United Arab Emirates during our academic visit to Dubai, Nov. 24-27, 2001.

The Higher Colleges of Technology are dedicated to the delivery of technical and professional programs of the highest quality to the students, within the context of sincere respect for all beliefs and values. Graduates of the Colleges will have the linguistic ability to function effectively in an international environment; the technical skills to operate in an increasingly complex technological world; the intellectual capacity to adapt to constant change, and the leadership potential to make the fullest possible contribution to the development of the community for the good of all its people.

In 1985, HE Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Chancellor of the United Arab Emirates University, made a commitment to establish a system of post-secondary education for UAE nationals that would stress the ideals of productivity, self- determination and excellence. In 1988 The President, HH Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan, and the members of the Supreme Council established the HCT. Four colleges opened in 1988. Since then, seven additional colleges and three Centres of Excellence for Applied Research and Training have opened throughout the Emirates, with additional colleges being planned. There are approximately 15,000 students today and about 3,500 will graduate in 2003.

) Higher College of Technology Catalogue 2001-02 (Dubai: HCT, 2001)

The Chancellor envisioned a system of the highest quality that would be used to educate nationals for the professional and technical careers necessary in a rapidly developing society. Graduates of the HCT make immediate contributions to the government, business and industrial sectors, and develop into leaders in their fields. The Colleges are dedicated to student-oriented learning, which places the responsibility for education upon the students themselves and promotes lifelong learning. All programs are delivered in English.

Structure of the HCT. The Vice Chancellor directs and coordinates the overall operation of the HCT. Each College and Directorate has a management team led by a Director. The faculty and administration are recruited worldwide for their academic, industrial and technical expertise, and work together with the students to enhance the teaching/learning experience and create life-long learners.

The Higher Colleges of Technology's range of innovative learning programs mix theory with practice and are designed - in consultation with some of the UAE's leading employers-to meet the demands of today's modern workplace. Students choose from over 75 different programs, including a Foundations program in a range of modern disciplines: Business, Communication Technology, Education, Engineering Technology, Health Sciences, Information Technology. English is the language of instruction for all courses, with students studying at Certificate, Diploma, and beyond the Foundations level, Higher Diploma and Bachelor Degree levels.

Through its mission and overview, we can find that it takes 18 years to set up higher educational system which has contributed to educating higher man power as infra system of Dubai International Free Zone. Of course, it is possible

2. the possibility of Transcend Peace University System by Johan Galtung

) This parts was also written based on the interview with Johan Galtung from Norway on the occasion of his academic visit to Jeju, April 29-May 1st, 2002, for the keynote speech of Jeju 4□3 accident.

TRANSCEND Peace University(TPU) is the first ever global university developing skills and knowledge for conflict transformation by peaceful means, peace- building, and sustainable development. Johan Galtung, the rector of the TPU and one of the founders of peace studies and of the TRANSCEND method of peaceful conflict transformation, invites you to join practitioners and students from all over the world online.

If you want to develop your skills in order to contribute to peace and global development, TPU is the right place for you. Designed for experienced government or NGO practitioners as well as for students, TPU offers a range of skills and knowledge intensive courses, combining online and onsite training around the world. TPU is the educational branch of TRANSCEND, a peace and development network.

TRANSCEND is engaged in conflict transformation by peaceful means "To bring about a more peaceful world by using action, education, networking and research to handle conflicts with creativity, nonviolence and empathy"(mission statement for TRANSCEND=Go Beyond). The TRANSCEND method is based on deep dialogues with the parties to a conflict one at a time, to know their goals better, to stimulate creativity and to identify outcomes acceptable to all. Rather than compromises we try something new and better, often beyond what the parties first had in mind.

TPU will offer the following six 15-weeks courses from February 2003. Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means by Johan Galtung, Nonmilitary Aspects of Security by Dietrich Fischer, Global Conflicts and Nonviolence by Joergen Johansen, Peace Building and Empowerment by Kai Frithjof Brand-Jacobsen, Peace Journalism by Jake Lynch & Annabel McGoldrick, Peace, and the Arts by Olivier Urbain Required. Text for all courses: Johan Galtung, Carl G. Jacobsen, and Kai Frithjof Brand-Jacobsen, "Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND," London: PLUTO, 2002, 2nd ed.

There will be certificates for single courses, diplomas for clusters of courses and eventually BA, MA and Ph. D degrees. Participants may combine online and onsite courses.

) The courses will start on February 3, 2003. Registration starts now and the deadline is January 20, 2003. Cost per Course: Euros 500. For more information or to apply for registation, please contact TRANSCEND PEACE UNIVERSITY GLOBAL CENTER in Cluj, Romania where a staff will help you with information, applications, payment of  fees, course related questions, and computer problems: Email :<tpu@ transcend. org< http:// sea2fd.sea2.hotmail.msn.com/cgi-bin/compose?curmbox=F148765344&a=93ac 827877086be44b42e8c833b6ee23&mailto=1&to=tpu@transcend.org&msg=MSG1037986441.24&start=103160&len=5130&src=&type=x>>Web-site:www.transcend.org/tpuTel:+40-264-180988 or +40-724-380511; Fax:+40264180988.

Upon registration, a personal or bank check can be mailed to TRANSCEND Peace University c/o Peace Action, Training and Research Institute of Romania (PATRIR) O.P.1-C.P. 331, CLUJ-NAPOCA 3400, Romania, or you can request TPUs account number for a transfer.

3. the Experimental Lecture Program of Peace Island School Concerning the Peace Island Image or Role: WAIS School Case

Since April of 2002, it happened some changes in JIFC. Some of the likely measures to be considered will be those relating to the establishment of a free import and tariff system, establishment of a no visa zone, simplification of entrance and exit procedures, discretionary of the provincial government to push or prevent specific development on the island, and establishing an independent police force to deal specifically with tourist related issues. Also, in this beginning stage, various kinds of infra-systems dealing with international human resorces and services will be developed. It is in the initial phase that the International Graduate School will be founded. This aim of article is to suggest some idea of lecture program in a concept of Peace Island.

) There are three factors in the concept of Jeju peace island. Above all, let's refer to the historical background. Looking back on the Jeju history, there were no signs of abundance on the island. poverty and subsistence prevailed. Life in Jeju was isolate, bitter, and even tragic. Until the end of Chosun dynasty, most of Jeju islanders could have interacted with these foreigners, and their modes of conduct were tightly controlled from the center. Right after the independence in 1945, Jeju was falling into the ideological conflict, that is, '4□3 Accident'(1948-1953). There are many losses of the innocent Jeju islanders. Reportedly, almost 10% peoples out of 270,000, at that time of the census, were killed, missed, and wounded. For overcoming the tragedy of 4□3. Secondly, there is the geopolitical reasons. Jeju island is situated by the core in the vortex of the regional turmoil. For the prevention of the construction of the military bases in Jeju. Thirdly, there is the institutional thinking. Such as the peace museum, the secretariat of regional conflict center. In other words, Jeju becomes the center for the peace-making.

According to reports and achivements of WAIS experiences since 1999, It is fundamental that the strategy for achieving an International Free Zone on Jeju Island do is to run English lecture relating to Jeju Sasam and East Asian Peace so called □Peace Island School□ based on the idea of tolerance.

) Detailed 2001 schedule, The Fifth WAIS SCHOOL for Island Collaborative Leadership

0. Title: Democracy and Peace for Island Societies in a world of globalization

0. Date: Every Thursday night ( from 30th of September to 6th of December)

0. Place: Room of Graduation School

0. Presiding Institutes: Research Center for Islands and World Association for Island Studies

0. Supporting institution : Jeju Provincial Government & Cheju National University

0. Relating regular curriculum

) We will have WAIS AND TRAINING PROGRAMME, Jeju Island, Fall Semester 2003.

0. Title: Jeju Sasam and East Asian Peace: NationaI and Intenational Legal Issues and Human Rights in 21st Korea

0. Period: 14 Weeks Lectures Presentation, Cheju National University, College of Law and Political Science

0. Place: 1 Ara-dong Jeju-shi, Jeju-do

Korean History in the 20th century was marred by colonialism, war, division, and continuing regional conflict. One of the most significant events in this period was the Jeju accident of April 3rd, 1948. A clear indication of Korean peoples desire for the unification, peace and autonomy, it produced years of pain and suffering that only now are being examined and addressed. The Korean government currently has a special commission which was finalizing its initial report submitted March 29, 2003. Recently for the first time in decades, major US and German media have reported on the massacre about.

) See The New York Times of October 24, 2001 and Die Zeit, May 23, 2002.

This lecture has a purpose that young islanders and foreigners sharing with not only some truth from the Jeju accident and East Asian Peace but also to build up peace culture and traditions of Jeju Island. We intend to facilitate international understanding of the Jeju April 3rd Uprising and to establish the basis for continuing research and publication of material surrounding this long-obscured chapter in Korean-US history. This program will also be a place for active international exchange and intellectual discussion of human rights and peace on the Korean peninsula. We hope to illuminate the historical and legal issues concerning the past as well as to think about the Korean peninsula in the 21st century. The vast potential of Korean people to expand the democracy and promote the peace and prosperity between the two Koreas remains largely untapped. This lecture hopes to contribute to the dynamic of peace, democracy and prosperity now underway in Korea and to help pave the way for East Asian peace(Kim Jin-Ho, 2001, 204-208).

Necessarily, it should be emphasized that intolerance from the government, whether central or provincial, would no doubt result in suffering by all, especially during the transition period from intolerance to tolerance. The turning point is in our hands. To make progress, it is essential that long-term strategies be formulated with short-term tactics on tolerance philosophy. The long-range goal of creating an International Free Zone will be possible after the short-term objectives of attracting social capital and influx of foreign investments. Using the Hong Kong Special Administration District as a guide, the autonomy of an International Free Zone should be able to make independent decisions in all areas except in the area of national security, diplomacy and military. Like in the Netherlands, the distribution of administrative power must filter down from the central to the sub-units.

In order to appeal and welcome people from around the world to the peace seeding image of the island upon WAIS case, it would be wise to invite and establish Peace education system and courses in Cheju National University because above three cases can be applied for Jeju islanders directly in order to improve their abilities.

Ⅳ. Conclusion: Can the Educational System Create Peace Island Image for Jeju Island?

It has been a relatively short time since Jeju has become the destination for honeymoon trips and vacations. Through the 19th Century, the island was merely a prison island or a hermit island where political prisoners were sent. The indigenous people on the island was notably apolitical for all practical purposes. Even in the early 20th Century, the island was left fallow and people said sarcastically that "if a family had a son, send him to Seoul and if they had a horse, send it to Jeju." This mockery characterized the image of the island at that time. Isolated from the central governments policies for centuries, Jeju was largely an undeveloped rural community.

However, change was afoot in the 1970s and 1980s when Jeju began to be discovered as a prime tourist location. This occurrence was natural given the variety and abundance of beauty that can be found on the island. It was obvious to developers there was great potential profit in the tourism industry on the island. It was inevitable that Jeju would become an island for newlyweds and people from the mainland who sought the peace and quiet of the nascent island resorts.

The last decade of the 20th Century finds the tourism industry on Jeju facing many challenges produced through the globalization. Perhaps the most significant effect of this worldwide phenomenon is that the world is essentially at everyone fingertips. With modems and computers, the world is virtually accessible to everyone. People from the four corners of the globe are much more free to enjoy the worlds exotic beauty and cultural differences. Nowadays, those people who in the past favored Jeju for their vacation trips are choosing different settings for their destination. Must Jeju bid farewell to the good ol days? This can be answered with a resounding no. In fact, with the new technologys synergistic effect with the globalization, it provides the positive means for Jeju island to attract more foreign tourists.

In this sense, the central governments decision to transform Jeju into an international free zone is a pro-active response to the changing market place of the world. The governments plan is a strong indication that Korea will not sit still while watching the world go by. Certainly, the developmental proposal is a strong sign that Korea desires to be an active player in the global market, especially with regard to Jeju island. Just as manufacturers must from time to time re-tool in order to effectively compete, so, too, is Jeju island making the necessary changes in order to promote itself and attract a large share of the worlds foreign tourists. With the central governments proposal on the table, it seems like Jeju has entered the dressing room and will emerge with a changed image. In this regard, the primary concern is what will be the image that will not only be viable in attracting the foreigners, but how will this image portray the people and places of Jeju?

The image that will be created will be like an invitation card to the worlds people. How will the people of Jeju write the invitation? How will the invitation card interest and make people want to visit the island ? Mistakes from the past must not be repeated nor must the old tactics of development be employed. Surely, the image for Jeju will avoid the excessive commercialization. The image for Jeju must effectively capture the unique beauty and promote those places that are extraordinary and are not duplicated any place else. The image must strongly indicate that Jeju can not be imitated by other resort locations. The image will serve as a magnet unifying the beauty and sentiment of the island while drawing people from all over the globe.

Lastly, it must be kept in mind that the relative success or failure of any island development will be determined by the will of the islanders in their preparation for the future through educational activities. It will only be through the efforts of islanders to make proposals and suggest creative ways for development that are clear and pragmatic that the islanders will help create the visions and strategies to realize those visions for Jeju future. In order to do so, we recommend English lecture program for peace culture of Jeju Island as a Peace Island which supposed to play an peaceful role for two Koreas and island societies over the world. So, we need to invite new kinds of school into Jeju island which contributes to promoting the peace infra and culture for Jeju Islanders.

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김진호(金振昊) : 건국대학교 대학원에서 정치학 박사학위를 취득하고, 현재 제주대학교 정치외교학과 부교수로 재직중이며 (사단법인)제주도지방의정연구소장을 겸하고 있다. 전공분야는 소국론, 국제기구론, 지방정치론, 도서국가론, 평화연구 등이며 최근에는 도서지역 민주주의의 비교연구에 특히 관심을 가지고 있다. 최근 논문으로는 □도서지역의 주민운동□(1999), □태평양 도서국가의 생태적 안전보장연구: 일본 지자체의 평화운동에 주는 교훈을 중심으로□ (2001), □환경분쟁 협상모델의 송악산 관광지구개발사업에의 적용과 해석□(2003), □핀란드 중립정책에 대한 고찰과 교훈□(2003) 등이 있다. 현재 제주지방자치학회 이사, 제주도 행정개혁 추진위원회 위원, 병무행정발전 자문위원회 위원이다.<E-mail : polikjh2@cheju.ac.kr>

이경주(李京柱) : 미국 애리조나 대학교에서 경영학 박사학위를 취득하고, 현재 제주대학교 회계학과교수로 재직 중이며 제주대학교 교무부처장을 역임하였다. 전공분야는 재무회계, 회계이론이다. 연구분야로는 기업가치평가와 회계정보, 회계의 국제적 관점, 사회발전과 회계의 역할 등이다. 최근 논문으로는 □브랜드 자산의 측정에 관한 연구□(2001), □기업의 재무성과와 환경성과의 관련성에 관한 연구□(2001), □비상장 통신사업자의 자본 비용추정에 관한 연구: 한국통신의 경우□(1999), □제주도 기업의 기업문화특성과 조직유효성의 관계□(1999) 등이다. 현재 한국회계학회 이사이며 한국 공기업학회 이사를 역임하였다. <논문접수일: 2003.7.10/심사완료일: 2003.8.29>